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Police start to disperse rally


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Europeans grow weary of
 refugees from Ukraine 
– Time
November 24th, 3:08pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Amid a worsening domestic crisis, Europeans 
are growing weary of millions of migrants
 from Ukraine, Time columnist, Lisa 
Abend, writes.


Europe has welcomed millions of refugees from
 Ukraine this year, but with the onset of cold 
weather its residents are becoming 
increasingly uncomfortable with 
this, the article notes. 


The EU’s resources for hosting Ukrainian refugees 
are running out, and more and more countries and
 regions are phasing out assistance programmes
and refusing to accept new arrivals.


The columnist reminds us that 7.8 million people left 
Ukraine at the beginning of the crisis, 4.7 million of 
whom settled in Europe. The EU has even changed 
legislation to accept all the refugees, simplifying
 the procedure for finding jobs & social services
 for displaced people. However, the crisis has 
dragged on and Europeans are now more 
and more concerned about their own 
problems: inflation, housing 
shortages, and the 
energy crisis.


“In such a situation, the first signs are emerging that
 the resolve of Europeans is beginning to weaken,”
 Abend stresses.


According to her, Europeans are gradually losing
 interest in the problems of Ukrainians and more 
and more often come out to protest, the author
 writes. For example, people protest against 
the conversion of premises into refugee 
reception centres, when it sometimes 
comes to arson, as was the case 
with the equestrian centre in 
the Irish village of Kildare.


“In many ways, this shift in sentiment reflects
 a general weariness and a dissatisfaction of 
people with the need to share resources,”
 the columnist concludes.



__________________________________________



The Kremlin has called the level 
of the oil price ceiling discussed
 by EU:  “unexplainable figures”
November 24th, 2:16pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Russia has no plans to supply oil and gas to the
 countries that will join the introduction of a 
price ceiling on these energy resources, 
but the very figures being discussed in 
Europe - so far - look unexplained, 
Russian presidential spokesman 
Dmitry Peskov told reporters 
on Thursday.


“The Europeans, so far, have very unclear discussions
 on this ceiling in the nuances. There is a feeling that
 they are just trying to make a decision for the sake 
of a decision, not for effect, but for the sake of a
 decision to tick the box that a ceiling has been
 introduced,” a Kremlin spokesman said, 
commenting on the possibility of 
setting a price ceiling on 
Russian oil in the range 
of $65-70 per barrel.


Peskov noted, that  “this is all subject to deep
 analysis.” According to him, “it is still difficult 
to speculate” what impact it will have on the 
energy market. “We are proceeding, so far,
from President Putin’s attitude, from his 
position that we will not supply oil and 
gas to those states that will introduce 
& join the ceiling,” Peskov continued. 


However, the Russian Federation, seeing the 
figures being discussed in Europe, intends 
to analyse the situation “before 
formulating a position”, the 
Kremlin spokesman added.


Russian oil currently trades at around $70 a barrel, on
 a discounted basis, so from an economic perspective 
a $65-70 a barrel ceiling would not make much
 difference. However, it could have long-term 
strategic implications, in the event of a
new spike in oil prices.

European experts estimate that there is a serious risk 
that Russia will stop supplies to the countries that
join this mechanism, even if it is painless for
Russia at the moment. This, in turn, could 
cause a sharp rise in prices on the world
market if the other oil producers do not
sharply increase production.



__________________________________



Europe wakes up: a trade war 
with the US is just around
 the corner
November 24th, 1:54pm
https://en.news-front.info/


“Geez! How did this happen?” – The European
 politicians have suddenly become aware --- 
urgently taking a massive dose of aspirin 
and getting ready to move on to the 
most drastic measures possible.


Well, how did you wake up – you peeped one eye with 
a terrible hangover and found yourself on the verge
of an “industrial wasteland”.  While European
 politicians were absent-mindedly scratching
 their heads, factories were passing by, car
 companies crossing the Gulf Stream, 
waving goodbye - and disappearing 
somewhere in the direction of 
the USA


Politico reports that the European Union is preparing 
an emergency programme of subsidies to protect
 domestic producers from vicious 
American competitors.


And now the poor devils are sitting there, figuring out
 in frantic mode, how to counteract such a sudden 
and sneaky double blow from Washington.


Not only that the projected energy prices will now 
remain higher than in the U.S. forever, but Biden
 is there, with his subsidy package, to support
 the U.S. manufacturers.


How is the competition going to hold up?


French and German car makers are especially worried, 
because the American law on inflation reduction
 encourages consumers to buy American 
electric cars. The US, they say, is 
undermining global free trade 
(no way!).


Swinging like wounded seagulls, European politicians
 have decided to create a European Sovereignty Fund
 (a what-what fund?) to help businesses invest in the
 EU. And they should do it all without delay because 
some panic-stricken EU members, are wasting 
emergency funds beyond all reason. 
It is a mess!


All in all, Politico predicts we are in for either a subsidy
 race or a trade war between Europe and the US. What
 a charade. If you told anyone about this state of 
affairs a couple of years ago, they would have
 laughed. Nevertheless, this is the 
present reality.


We, for our part, of course, wish success to Europe in 
gaining its sovereignty – a very necessary thing for 
any state, indeed. It is good that they have
 decided to do that, but it is not clear 
why they are doing it now.


After all, they could have continued to thrive in their
 privileged European gardens on cheap Russian
 energy resources. Now that’s it – expensive 
LNG and sobering cold weather and
 deindustrialisation.


They never listen to us. What 
kind of people are these?


Sourse: Politico



____________________________________



The Financial Times, citing forecasts 
by a number of experts, reported 
that Europe is in for an energy 
crisis that will last for 
several years
November 24th, 12:18pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Europe is predicted a prolonged energy crisis.


Experts also pointed to the need to significantly 
reduce energy demand and ensure additional 
supplies of natural gas (NG).


“It is important that energy prices remain high 
to curb fuel demand,” shared Vitol chief 
executive Russell Hardy.



_________________________________________



Europe’s energy crisis 
will drag on, for years
November 24th, 11:18am
https://en.news-front.info/


Europe’s energy crisis will continue for years 
unless the region can reduce demand and 
secure new gas supplies.


“We are in a gas crisis and we will continue to be in a
 bit of a crisis mode for the next two or three years,”
 Sid Bambavale said. “So let’s not develop a false
 sense of security.”


At the end of September this year, Europe’s gas
 reserve level was around 90 per cent, broadly 
in line with the five-year average of 86 per 
cent, despite Russia largely cutting off 
gas supplies in recent months.


Next year, the amount of Russian pipeline gas 
supplied to Europe will fall to negligible levels.


Average European gas prices in 2023 will be €108 
per megawatt hour, more than four times the 
average of the previous decade.


“High prices will have to squeeze demand basically
 every month next summer. It’s not a good thing – 
it’s an absolutely terrible thing for European 
business, and it’s the genesis of a 
recession,” Russell Hardy.


“The problems with replenishing storage in the
 summer of 2023, will be heavily influenced by 
their use in the winter of 2022-23,” Di Mattia 
said. “Continued declining demand and high
 LNG inflows are key factors in balancing 
supply and demand throughout 2023.”


Business consultant FTI Consulting, calculates that 
if the EU were to replace all Russian gas with LNG, 
Europe would face a shortfall in regasification
 capacity – the facilities needed to turn LNG 
back into gas – of 40 bcm/year, which
could rise to 60 bcm/year
in a cold winter.


Countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, 
France and Croatia, are pushing to build new 
regasification terminals.


According to Emmanuel Grand, senior managing
 director of FTI Consulting, there could be 40 
bcm per year of import capacity in Europe 
by October 2023. However, he warned, 
“some of the projects are not backed 
by firm LNG commitments and there
 is a risk that these projects could 
be delayed”.

______________________________________________

Brazil’s Bolsonaro reluctant 
to concede defeat to Lula, 
disputes election result
November 23rd, 6:20pm
(PressTV)


Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has challenged the
 election result, after losing to his leftist rival, Luiz
 Inacio Lula da Silva, last month, arguing that 
votes from some institutions should be 
recounted, in a lawsuit. Election 
officials have considered this
with initial skepticism.


Bolsonaro's claim is likely to be far-fetched, as
 Lula's victory was confirmed by the Superior 
Electoral Court (TSE) and accepted by 
leading Brazilian politicians and 
international allies. 


However, it could fuel a limited but committed protest 
movement that has so far refused to accept the final
 outcome of the election.


Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who
 currently heads the TSE, said Bolsonaro's right-
wing electoral coalition, which filed the 
complaint, has 24 hours to complete 
its audit of both rounds of the
 October election.


Brazil's currency fell 1.3 percent against the 
dollar, after news of the election complaint. 
The currency was also influenced by 
investors' concerns about Lula's 
spending plans and economic 
policy makers.


Fernando Bergallo, head of operations at FB Capital,
 was among those who said Bolsonaro's bid to
 challenge the election... was unlikely to 
succeed, but that it could increase 
pessimism - beyond what we 
already see.


Gleisi Hoffmann, the head of the Lula Workers' 
Party (PT), described Bolsonaro's election 
complaint --- as a sinister act.


"No more procrastination, irresponsibility, insults to
 institutions and democracy," she wrote on Twitter.
 "The election was decided in the vote and Brazil
 needs peace to build a better future."


At the same time, the Social Democracy Party of 
Brazil (PSDB), one of PT's fierce and old rivals, 
called Bolsonaro's complaint meaningless, 
tweeting.... that it would be resisted
"by institutions, the international 
community and Brazilian 
society."


Bolsonaro's coalition said its audit of the October 30th
 runoff between Bolsonaro and Lula, showed "signs of
 irreparable … malfunction" in some electronic voting
 machines. "There were signs of serious failures that
 generate uncertainties, and make it impossible to
 validate the results generated" in older models 
of the voting machines, Bolsonaro allies said 
in their complaint. As a result, they said the
 votes from those models should
 be "invalidated."


Bolsonaro, the former captain of the far-right army, has
 been claiming for years, that the country's electronic
 voting system is subject to fraud, but he has not yet 
been able to provide categorical evidence for
 the claims.


Bolsonaro remained publicly silent for 48 hours after
 the election was called, on October 30th and has 
yet to admit defeat, though he has allowed his
 government to prepare for a presidential 
transition in the meantime. Bolsonaro 
narrowly lost the run-off with 49.1 
percent of the vote compared 
with Lula's 50.9 percent.

 

_____________________________________

The European Parliament 
recognized the Russian 
Federation as a “state
 sponsor of terrorism”
November 23rd, 2:22pm
https://en.news-front.info/


The European Parliament adopted a resolution 
recognizing the Russian Federation as a 
“State Sponsor of Terrorism”.


The European Parliament.. adopted a resolution
 recognizing the Russian Federation as a “state
 sponsor of terrorism” due to a special military
 operation in Ukraine, the vote was broadcast
 on the EP website.


The resolution was supported by 494 deputies,
 58 voted against, 44 decided to abstain.


This resolution does not have any direct legal
 consequences for the European Union, but 
reflects the opinion of the majority of 
deputies, who in recent years have 
adopted a whole series of anti-
Russian documents.


MEPs also urged the EU institutions.. to continue the 
path of strengthening the “international isolation of
 Russia” and further reduce diplomatic relations 
with Moscow, reducing them “to an absolutely
 necessary minimum.”



____________________________________



EU countries criticize proposed 
price ceiling for Russian gas
 – FT
November 23rd, 2:04pm
https://en.news-front.info/


The price ceiling for Russian gas at the level of 275 
euros per megawatt-hour, which the European
 Commission proposed for consideration, is 
unlikely to be approved, as it has been 
criticized even by EU countries that 
support the cap on fuel prices, 
reports the Financial Times.


A senior EU diplomat told the publication that setting 
a price ceiling above €250 per MWh is “just another
 way to kill the cap.”


“It’s a joke. <…> This is a proposal that will not bring 
anything useful to anyone even under the extreme
 scenario observed in August. This --- is not a 
limitation,” Simone Tagliapetra, a senior 
fellow at the Brussels think tank 
Bruegel, said in her turn. She 
noted that this initiative 
threatens to undermine 
the credibility of the 
EC in resolving the 
energy crisis.


At the same time, the newspaper writes, members of
 the European energy exchange ICE -- opposed any
 price cap, stressing that such actions “will lead 
to a significant increase in margins, which 
could destabilize the market.”



____________________________________



Russian Foreign Ministry proposes 
to recognize the European 
Parliament as a “sponsor
 of idiocy”
November 23rd, 1:57pm
https://en.news-front.info/


The official representative of the Russian Foreign
 Ministry, Maria Zakharova, proposed to 
recognize the European Parliament 
as a “sponsor of idiocy.”


The official representative of the Russian Foreign
 Ministry, Maria Zakharova, commented on the
 resolution of the European Parliament 
recognizing Russia as a “state 
sponsor of terrorism” - and 
proposed recognizing it, 
as a “sponsor of idiocy.”


“The European Parliament... adopted a resolution 
recognizing Russia as a “sponsor of terrorism”. 
I propose to recognize the European 
Parliament as a sponsor of idiocy,”
 Zakharova wrote in her 
Telegram channel.


Earlier, the European Parliament adopted a resolution
 recognizing Russia as a “state sponsor of terrorism”
 because of the special operation in Ukraine, follows
 from the voting results at the plenary session 
in Strasbourg.



__________________________________

Europe faces new energy crisis
 in case of cessation of nuclear 
fuel supplies....  from Russia
November 23rd, 10:19am
https://en.news-front.info/


Express: European countries are waiting for a new
 energy price crisis in the event of a cessation of 
nuclear fuel supplies from Russia.


With global gas prices climbing to record highs over 
the past year due to reduced supply from Russia to
 Europe, countries across the continent, are
 scrambling... to phase out Russian fossil 
fuels to secure alternative supplies to 
the energy market.  However, the 
British edition of Expess notes: 
that countries that have relied 
on nuclear energy as a means 
of achieving energy independ
-ence, in fact.... will not be
able to properly use this.


Russia is the leader in the supply of nuclear fuel to
 Europe --- and the termination of its supply could
 potentially provoke a new conflict and a large
-scale price crisis. While politicians across 
Europe.. claim that nuclear power plants 
can boost domestic energy production,
 they fail to mention that these plants 
require uranium to fuel them.


Russia currently supplies 42 percent of all uranium to
 reactors, around the world. And, in comparison with
 the gas crisis, the statistics look strikingly similar,
 the publication notes. Thus, the EU received 
about 40 percent of its gas from Russia.... 
before the start of the conflict in Ukraine. 


And when Moscow cut off supplies to Europe, prices in
 Britain skyrocketed, despite the country getting only
 four percent of its gas from Russia. This, is due to 
the complex nature of the gas market. Since the 
EU depends on the Russian Federation for 20%
of the uranium needed for fuel supplies, if 
Russia decides to cut its supply to the 
bloc, this could cause the same 
problem - and provoke a new 
energy crisis.


“The notion that nuclear energy... provides security of
 supply is extremely problematic, and the notion that
 nuclear energy will make Europe independent of
 external problems, seems to be false,” said
 University of Sussex professor,
 Paul Dorfman.

____________________________________

World Peace Council to be called 
to play mobilizing role ahead 
of humankind's situation
 by Ana Luisa Brown
November 22nd, 3:51pm
 (Prensa Latina) 


Socorro Gomes, President of the World Peace Council 
(WPC), said on Tuesday that his organization is being
 called to play a unifying and mobilizing role ahead
of humankind's historical crossroads.

''The spirit of unity and initiative are features that
 should distinguish WPC´s work to open a clear 
avenue in the fight for world peace, which is 
the struggle against imperialism,'' she 
stressed at the opening ceremony 
of the 22nd WPC Assembly.


Gomes recalled that six years ago, as a consequence
 of the Covid-19 pandemic, a face-to-face meeting was
 unabled to be held, indicating that the one opened on
 Tuesday takes place amid a situation marked by
 worsened social issues and threats to the 
peace and security of the peoples.


We begin this Assembly with more determination to
 fight, she said, before urging participants to join
 efforts and unleash powerful moves capable of
 defeating the warmongering and retrograde 
forces that threaten to destroy the great 
achievements of humanity.


Socorro Gomes also considered that a change is
 taking place in the correlation of international 
forces, by creating a much more favorable 
context to develop an anti-imperialist
 struggle.


Plus, she expressed confidence that this forum will
 define a strategic direction and an effective plan 
of action to renew and improve WPC´s work and
 actively contribute to efforts ...aimed at 
preventing conflicts, preventing the 
arms race and promoting respect 
for the principles..... of 
international law.

_____________________________________

Havana appreciates Moscow’s role 
in transitioning to multipolar world 
— Cuban president
November 22nd,  3:50pm (TASS)

 Havana appreciates the efforts made by Moscow to
 make sure the world transitions to multipolarity, 
Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel said at a 
meeting with Russian President Vladimir 
Putin in the Kremlin on Tuesday.


"We appreciate.. all the work that the Russian 
Federation is doing to ensure that the world 
moves toward multipolarity and makes 
progress in that direction. In this 
sense... you have serious
 leadership," the Cuban 
president said.


He said that even in difficult circumstances, the 
two countries.... had managed to maintain
 political dialogue at the highest level.


"It reflects the remarkable relationship that binds 
us together. We had more than seven telephone 
conversations in the midst of the pandemic, 
and now... we have been able to meet in 
person and, I think, we will be able to 
increase the exchange of views on 
global issues and issues of a 
bilateral nature," the Cuban 
leader said.

_______________________________



Mexico Suspends the Summit 
of the Pacific Alliance
November 22nd, 2:02pm
(teleSUR)


"We are exploring the possibility of holding an event
 in Peru," Mexican President, Lopez Obrador, said.

On Tuesday, Mexico's President Andres Manuel Lopez
 Obrador (AMLO) confirmed the suspension of the
 Pacific Alliance summit scheduled for this 
Friday due to the refusal of the Peruvian 
Congress to allow President Pedro 
Castillo to attend.


Given that Peru will not be able to assume the Pacific
 Alliance temporary presidency in Mexico, "we are
 exploring the possibility of holding an event 
in Peru," AMLO said.


Despite the suspension of the summit, Lopez Obrador 
confirmed that Presidents Gabriel Boric (Chile) and
 Gustavo Petro (Colombia) will arrive in Mexico 
this week.


AMLO also awaits the arrival of President Guillermo
 Lasso from Ecuador, a country seeking to join the
 Pacific Alliance, which is a trade bloc currently 
made up of Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico.


The tweet reads,"'There will be no problem.. with the 
Pacific Alliance summit being held in Peru. Welcome
 everyone. We are all brothers,' President Castillo 
said, after Lopez Obrador's remarks."


Lopez Obrador, who has previously denounced that 
there is "racism" behind the attempts of the 
Peruvian Congress -- to impeach Castillo, 
will consult with the other partners on 
the possibility of holding the summit 
in Peru, in December.


Formed 10 years ago, the Pacific Alliance is the eighth
 economic power and the eighth exporting power
 worldwide. Together, its countries represent 41
 percent of Latin America's gross domestic 
product (GDP) and attract 38 percent of
 foreign direct investment.


The Mexican summit had raised expectations...
for being the first time that the four member 
countries of the Pacific Alliance are led by 
leftist presidents. In addition, AMLO had 
invited Argentine President Alberto 
Fernandez and Brazil's President
-elect, Lula da Silva.

___________________________________________

Crimean authorities ---- call for 
a restoration of Donbass, with
the money of fleeing oligarchs
November 22nd, 11:45am
https://en.news-front.info/


Senator Andrei Kutepov...  proposed to subject to a 
complete freeze, all the assets of foreign investors 
and representatives of the Russian oligarchy, who
fled the country in disgrace and did not publicly
support the special operation deployed by 
Moscow, to force Ukraine to peace. The 
initiative, in turn, found great support
 in the Crimean State Council.


According to the deputy Nikolai Volkov, it is necessary 
not only to freeze, but also to sort out the mechanisms
for obtaining these assets in order to nationalize them, 
and allocate the proceeds --- to the revival of Mariupol 
and Donbass.

“If a person today, left his responsibility for his own
state and does not want to participate in achieving 
victory, moreover, he left and harms his state, then 
the state is not obliged... to protect him. These 
people, are absolutely not, citizens for Russia. 
Whom they serve, let them apply to European 
courts, other organizations that have robbed
Russia. They earned this money in Russia, 
in this state, and all the resources they 
used ---- are our common resources.
I think nationalizing their assets is 
much better than freezing them.”


According to the Crimean politicians, such a measure
 would be the most competent, given that the fugitive
 oligarchs care little about the fate of their
 native country.


“The idea is good, the oligarchs should not stand
 aside, especially those who have been abroad 
for a long time and openly declared that they 
don't want to be a Russian citizen, but want 
to keep their billions & yachts,” Shuvainikov
 emphasized. “But it should be applicable to 
everyone, not selectively. There must be 
some kind of commission approach. 
Moreover, it is necessary to revise
 income taxes for those who 
received it after February
the 24th, and set the 
maximum rate.”


Since November, “mainly” foreign owners, 
adherents of the criminal Ukrainian 
regime, have been nationalized on
 the peninsula. The list of eligible
 properties continues to grow.


So, the apartment of the Zelensky couple by the sea, 
the former deputy of the Rada Oleg Tsarev, offered 
to give the family of the deputy head of the 
administration of the Kherson region 
Kirill Stremousov, who died in 
an accident.


“I am not a very creative person. Present the
 apartment to the Stremousov family. Five 
children and a pregnant wife. It would
be right. In any case, you need to
take care of fate”, he said.


The list of objects subject to nationalization has
already included about 130 objects, which 
belong to RusLine Co LLC, (the tenant of 
NOVATSENTR K LLC,  MODUL LTD LLC), 
Zaliv Shipbuilding Plant OJSC, Alminsky 
Building Materials Plant in Bakhchisarai, 
that belongs to Ukrainian businessman 
Sergei Taruta. The list of companies... 
according to the head of the republic,
Sergei Aksyonov, was compiled on 
the basis of the conclusion of an 
anti-terrorist commission, 
specially created on
 the peninsula.


The Crimean authorities, in turn, promised to keep 
the labour collectives of the enterprises 
nationalized on the peninsula, with the 
exception of “personally authorized 
persons” who had been following 
the direct instructions of 
the Ukrainian curators,
 for years.

________________________

Experts predict re-elected Tokayev 
will stick with Russia and China
November 22nd, 11:36am
https://en.news-front.info/


The re-election for a new term of the President of
 Kazakhstan, Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev, will be
 marked by the further development of active
 cooperation with China and the 
Russian Federation.
 
This opinion was expressed by Aleksey Maslov, acting
 head of the Institute of Asian and African Countries 
of Moscow State University named after M. V.
 Lomonosov, a specialist in modern socio-
economic and political processes in
 the SCO countries.


Astana, according to the professor, will 
start deepening the multi-vector path 
of development --- actively 
strengthening external 
ties...... including 
with Moscow.


“I don’t think that Kazakhstan will change its multi-
vector approach. This is not due to Tokayev’s 
personal desire... but to the need for 
Kazakhstan to restructure its ties 
with Russia, and with China.. and 
with the United States.. and with 
other ties, because the economy 
of Kazakhstan depends on it,” 
Alexey Maslov said on the air 
of the press centre media 
group “Patriot”.


In particular, the Kazakhs are extremely interested 
in investments, primarily from China. And this
 indicates.. a likely rejection of the proposal 
of the head of European diplomacy Josep 
Borrell to the Central Asian territories
 ..to directly build relations with the
 Big West.


In addition, Tokayev, according to the speaker, will do
 everything to avoid a possible repetition of the riots
 against the backdrop of rising gas prices that 
shocked the country two years ago. 


The integration of a state extremely interested in 
oil into the Russian economic model, will gain 
momentum. We are talking, in particular, 
about the northern regions of the 
country, the expert concluded.

__________________________________

Colombian government and ELN 
advocate for peace in Venezuela
by Ileana Ferrer Fonte
November 22nd, 7:51am
 (Prensa Latina) 


Resuming talks between the Colombian Government
 and the guerillas National Liberation Army (ELN), in
 Venezuela, on Tuesday, demonstrated willingness 
to move towards peace.
 
Despite the differences that may exist, the negotiators
 expressed - in a joint declaration - their disposition,
optimism, certainty, and hope, to resume talks, 
with a political and ethical will, that have 
been frustrated over the years,


High Commissioner for Peace Danilo Rueda expressed
 certainty in achieving a satisfactory conclusion “with 
all the differences we may have”, because we have
 found in the delegation, a kind attitude and the
 compliance, this time, to reach peace.


The head of the ELN delegation, Pablo Beltrán, stated
 that the Colombians “cannot see each other as
 enemies,” the work we have done is 
reconciliation, finding common 
points again, and building a 
nation in peace and equity.


Historical Pact Senator, Iván Cepeda, underlined his
 faith and hope that the changes of the Government 
peace delegation are true, as we have started in a 
few hours to “experience tuning” with the ELN 
peace delegation.


Cuba, Norway, and Venezuela, the guarantor countries
 of the peace talks, have seen the process, that began
 on Monday --- with hope. The Colombian Government
 and the ELN signed for this process in Caracas, on
 October the 4th and expressed gratitude for the
trust placed in them.

________________________________

Kazakhstan is switching to new 
form of political system —
 incumbent President 
Tokayev
November 20th, 8:53pm (TASS)


Kazakhstan... is switching to a new form of the
political system and the constitutional reform
will be implemented consistently, incumbent 
President, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, 
said on Monday.


"We will implement the constitutional reform
 consistently and clearly. We are switching 
to a new form of the country’s political 
system," his election headquarters 
quoted him as saying.


He also announced cardinal reforms of the country’s 
economy. "We will do our best to improve people’s 
living standards," he pledged.


"Unity is needed to implement these goals. That is
 why --- I call on you for unity," Tokayev stressed.


Kazakhstan held early presidential elections 
on Sunday. The voter turnout was 69.43%


According to the exit poll conducted by the Open
 Society international institute of regional 
studies and the Amanat party’s institute
 of public policy, Tokayev is winning 
82.45% and 85.52% of votes, 
respectively.



___________________________



Lula Calls for the Defeat of 
the Extreme Right in Brazil
November 20th, (teleSUR)


Regardless of the victory in the presidential elections,
 the extreme right-wing ideology is still very much
 alive in the country, said Lula.


The president-elect of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
 warned that despite his victory in the last elections 
in the South American country, the extreme right 
that supports the outgoing president Jair 
Bolsonaro, is still present and must
be defeated - through peace.


Lula da Silva held a meeting at the University Institute
 of Lisbon with the Brazilian community in an event
 organized by the core of the Workers' Party (PT).


The president-elect, who takes office on January 1st, 
2023, said that bolsonarismo is still alive - and we 
have to defeat it. ''We do not want persecution or
 violence. We want a country that lives in peace".


He urged to "defeat" Bolsonarismo "without using
 against them, the methods they used" against
 the left.


In the meeting, the president-elect stressed his
 commitment to Brazilian education in the face 
of the disaster in the matter, in Bolsonaro's
 administration.


In addition to referring to the situation of millions 
of Brazilians who go hungry, a situation that 
should not happen --- because the South 
American nation is the "third largest 
food producer in the world", Lula 
expressed that he will reverse 
the situation and blamed the 
outgoing president for not 
guaranteeing access
 to food.


The meeting takes place after the leader's visit to the
 COP27 Summit held in Egypt, being his first trip to
 Lisbon after his election as president.


The head of state-elect was received by the President
 of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, and by the
 Prime Minister, António Costa, as a symbol of 
the resumption of relations weakened 
during Bolsonaro's mandate.

 

_________________________________

Iran starts electricity grid 
link-up with Russia
--- Minister
November 20th, 4:32pm
(PressTV)


Iran’s Energy Minister Ali Akbar Mehrabian says a 
first step has been taken to synchronize Iranian 
and Russian electricity grids.


Mehrabian said on Monday that Iran will carry out
 various synchronization attempts between its
 power grid and those of Azerbaijan, Armenia 
and Russia, to finally link to Russia’s 
electricity network.


“An initial synchronization with Russia... has been
 carried out and we will perform technical works 
to synchronize the electricity networks of Iran 
the Republic of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and 
Russia, to be able to have an electricity 
link-up with Russia,” said the minister.


He said Iran seeks to stabilize its electricity supplies 
through a link to the Russian power network, adding
 that the Energy Ministry is currently boosting its
 technical capabilities to expand the project.


Iran has experienced minor power cuts in recent years
 mainly because of an unexpected rise in demand for
 natural gas which has forced shutdowns in the
 country’s power plants.


That has forced the country to increase its imports of
 electricity from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan in peak
 consumption days, during summers and winters, to
 stabilize supplies to its populous northern regions. 


That is in addition to Iran's normal electricity imports 
from Armenia, which is paid for by exports of natural
 gas to the Caucasus country.


That comes as Iran has introduced plans to increase
 its electricity output, in order to ramp up exports to
 countries like Iraq and Afghanistan.


Experts say a synchronization of the power grids 
of Iran and Russia, will enable Iran to launch 
electricity exports to Qatar and other 
countries in the region.

____________________________________

This is our policy, our decision – 
Vucic on refusal to impose 
sanctions against Russia
November 20th, 1:48pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic spoke about
 why he refused to impose sanctions against 
Russia and his attitude towards NATO.
It was reported by RIA Novosti.


“This is our policy, our decision. We have withstood 
a lot of pressure, heavy pressure ---- 270 days. Let 
me remind you that during the election campaign
(for the elections on April 3 – ed.) they said that 
I would introduce sanctions... on the first day 
after the elections, but on the first day, they
(political opponents - ed.) gave up and now
they are telling me, every day, how much 
damage for Serbia is being done, for not 
introducing sanctions,” stated Vucic,
 on air... at TV Prva.


The Serbian leader said that the decision of 
the state authorities not to impose 
sanctions against Russia, 
was a deliberate one.


“They (NATO – ed.) rudely attacked another country, 
killed people, killed children and still imposed
 sanctions. And now.... we have to join this 
policy of hypocrisy. It is not difficult for 
me to explain to people when the 
moment comes that we have to, 
but Serbia has shown, so far, 
that it has enough strength 
& intelligence to endure,” 
the Serbian president 
stressed.



__________________________________

A strike with a 
lot of movement
by Juan M. Garcia
November 20th, 12:45am 
 (Prensa Latina) 


Santa Cruz Governor, Luis Fernando Camacho, and the
 Department’s Civic Committee recently failed in their
 call for an indefinite national strike under the slogan
 “2023 Population and Housing Census yes or yes.”
 
“In all departments, union members took out to sell, 
transportation circulated, workers got to their work
 centres…, a total failure,” the President of District
 Eight in the Santa Cruz neighbourhood known as 
Plan Tres Mil, David Villarroel, said.


With the backdrop of vehicles that ran in front of busy
 shopping centres, Villarroel insisted in an interview
 with the channel Bolivia TV, in which nobody 
believes in Camacho, with civic Rómulo 
Calvo, whom nobody follows in 
the country.


The force measure imposed on October 22nd in Santa
 Cruz Department, in many cases through force,
 already inflicted losses on the country 
worth nearly 1 billion dollars.


However, despite aggressiveness and pressures from 
paramilitary groups, following Camacho’s and Calvo’s
 orders with their blockades, there are increasingly
 more areas where the people return to their 
daily life and work.


From Oruro, the Department’s Civic Committee’s
 President, Cecilio Pérez, ruled out that the
 organization will participate in a strike 
supporting the measures of force
 that the Governor of Santa Cruz 
is promoting.


Bolivia’s Confederation of Drivers Unions, meanwhile,
 asked the national government to respect the right
 to work in the entire transportation system and 
urged the Governor’s office and the pro-Santa 
Cruz Civic Committee --- to lift the strike.


The confederation’s executive secretary, Lucio
 Gómez, warned that the conflict generated 
from the eastern city cannot be tolerated 
any longer, since it has already caused 
remarkable losses in that strategic 
sector of the national economy.


Camacho, and those who followed him in the 2019
 coup have insisted on refusing to accept dialogue,
 evidence that the Population and Housing Census
 is only an excuse, and that its true objective, is
to destabilize President Arce’s government.


That is why social and union movements and native
 indigenous peasant organizations are still on the
 alert and determined to prevent a new fracture 
of the constitutional order.
Taken from Orbe


by Jorge Petinaud Martínez, 
Chief Correspondent/La Paz

________________________________

Bulgarian hotels remove food
 item from accommodation 
programme for Ukrainian
 refugees – The Sofia Globe
November 20th, 11:39am
https://en.news-front.info/


Bulgarian hotels have changed the state program of
temporary accommodation of Ukrainian refugees
by removing the food item, it was reported by
The Sofia Globe.


According to the information published in the
 publication, the owners of the hotels on the 
Black Sea coast refused to feed Ukrainian 
refugees due to the fact that the money, 
which is allocated for food by the state, 
is substantially insufficient. 


The Bulgarian government allocates 15 levs
(less than 500 rubles) to feed Ukrainians.


“We have been feeding Ukrainian refugees at our own
 expense for the last three days, but we do not have 
resources to feed them anymore, so from now on 
we will not feed them anymore,” Mikhail Zehov, 
the owner of a hotel, told the newspaper.


According to the newspaper, at the moment there are
 over ten thousand Ukrainian refugees in Bulgaria
 under the state programme. The duration of the
 previous programme... to provide Ukrainians 
with accommodation was November 15th. 


The programme envisioned the accommodation 
of refugees in hotels... at the expense of the 
state treasury. Now refugees from Ukraine 
are accommodated in state & municipal 
recreation centres.

_________________________________

Finnish Food Prices Hit Record 
Highs as Economy Tightens
November 19th,  3:47pm (FNA)


Food prices in Finland have soared by almost 
16 percent year-on-year in October, hitting a 
record high during the Nordic country’s 
entire time in the European Union.


The acceleration is unprecedented since the energy 
crisis of the Seventies and marks a continued rise
 from 14.5 percent in September and 12.5 percent
 in October, RIA Novosti reported.


The spike was most pronounced in flour, eggs, coffee
 and butter. Flour has risen in price by 46 percent, 
and the rest have risen by more than 30 percent. 
During the whole of October, pears were 
reported to be the only product
 actually to fall in value.


According to forecasts by the Pellervo Institute of
 Economic Research, the annual rise in food will 
eventually reach 11 percent.


Experts argued that the rapid inflation spike is unlikely
 to be stopped in November, December or even early 
2023 ------ as food and electricity will continue to
 appreciate for several months to come, with 
no signs of a slowdown in sight and more 
chronic drivers of inflation now in play.


According to Statistics Finland, consumer price
increases accelerated last month, mostly as a 
result of surges in energy prices, diesel and 
petrol prices and the average interest rate 
on housing loans.


Amid galloping inflation, higher borrowing costs
kicked in ...and reduced activity, Finland’s 
economy contracted in the third quarter 
by 0.1 percent, Statistics Finland said, 
with a recession looming next year.


At the same time.. Finland’s growing cost-of-living
 crisis, which largely mirrors that of the eurozone, 
has been exacerbated by Helsinki’s self-crippling
 sanctions against Russian energy. Amid the
shortages of gas and electricity, Finland
 is bracing itself for rolling power cuts
 this winter.


Helsinki also made a public case of its refusal to
 comply with Moscow's demands... to pay for gas 
in rubles, with a number of politicians claiming 
that the conflict in Ukraine, in which Finland
 firmly supports Kiev with arms, training and
 assistance, made cooperation with
 Russia... impossible.


However, in subsequent months Helsinki had no
 qualms about buying Russian gas in liquefied 
form. This week, it transpired that Finland’s
 import of Russian nickel increased since 
the start of the Ukraine conflict. 
In September, the imports grew 
by a whopping 59 percent.


Pressed over this obvious discrepancy, the Finnish
 government said it was prepared to ramp up
 sanctions against Russia further. Among 
others, Finland's Minister for European 
Affairs Tytti Tuppurainen, said the 
Nordic country was ready to 
“sanction everything”, if 
the EU were to reach
 a consensus.



______________________________

Leader: Iran’s progress, prosperity 
unbearable for arrogant powers
November 19th, 11:36am
(PressTV)


Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyyed Ali
 Khamenei says arrogant powers are disgruntled by
 Iran’s scientific advances as tremendous progress
 being achieved by the Islamic Republic is 
consigning the liberal democracy 
propagated by the West,
 to history.


Ayatollah Khamenei made the remarks in a speech he 
delivered during a Saturday meeting with a group of 
people from the central Iranian city of Isfahan, in 
the capital Tehran, on Saturday.


“Westerners.... could loot the entire world for over two
 centuries through the discourse of liberal democracy. 
They made interventions, claiming there was no
 freedom in one place or there did not exit 
democracy... somewhere else. They 
plundered the national assets and
 resources of the country as a
 result,” he said.


“Poor Europe became rich at the expense of many rich
 countries like India and China. Iran was not directly 
colonized, but they did everything they could 
here,” the Leader pointed out.


Ayatollah Khamenei said, “Afghanistan is an example
-----  just before your own eyes.  Americans came and
committed crimes in Afghanistan for 20 years. They
perpetrated all forms of criminal acts, brought the 
same government that they had overthrown back 
to power, and withdrew in a humiliating manner.”


He went on to hail the Islamic Republic of Iran as the
 establishment which has rejected the idea of liberal
 democracy, given its nation an identity, awakened 
and empowered them, and stood up against 
Western schools of thought.


Ayatollah Khamenei further noted that the West’s
 enmity towards Iran -----  is rooted in the fact that 
the Islamic Republic continues to make progress,
 and the whole world acknowledges such
 advancement – something which the 
West cannot stand.


“Should we have not made any progress, did not show
up as a strong presence in the region, had our voice 
faltered in the face of America and its arrogance 
and we were ready to accept its bullying, the 
ongoing pressures would have been much
less,” the Leader of the Islamic 
Revolution added.


Ayatollah Khamenei also pointed out that the bids
 against Iran have been much greater, anytime 
that the Islamic Republic has vociferously 
opposed its enemies.


The Leader also stressed that Washington has always
 been at the forefront of the anti-Iran campaign and 
its European allies are standing behind it.


Ayatollah Khamenei stated that all US presidents, 
including Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and Barack
Obama - have gone up against Iran in the years 
after the victory of the '79 Islamic Revolution, 
and have relied on the support of the Israeli 
regime and certain regimes in the region,
 to accomplish their so-called goals.


“Despite all such attempts, the enemies have failed 
on the whole. Of course they have posed problems,
such as sanctions, the assassination of nuclear
scientists, the application of...  various political 
and security ploys, & even bribed some people 
inside the country to speak out against the 
Islamic establishment. But they could not 
stop the Iranian nation from progressing 
ahead,” the Leader stressed.


Pointing to the enemy's extensive media facilities 
such as satellite networks, virtual space and
 mercenary TV channels for shattering 
people’s hopes, the Leader said. 


“Despite all these attempts, fortunately, hope 
and the movement towards progress in the
country --- is alive.”


Ayatollah Khamenei stressed that, “The enemy is
trying to make not only the people and the youth, 
but also the officials, lose hope, & unfortunately
the enemy has an internal extension, by which,
they are also trying to instill hopelessness 
and despair, by using newspapers 
and cyberspace.”


Touching upon some instances of progress and
forward movements in Iran.... in recent weeks, 
the Leader recounted the Iranian scientists’ 
new method to treat leukemia, localization 
of oil and gas extraction equipment, the
opening of a railway line in a part of 
Sistan and Baluchistan Province... 
which is an important part of the 
North-South railway, & opening 
several factories, setting up 
the first offshore refinery... 
operating 6 power plants,
unveiling one of the 
largest telescopes 
in the world --- plus
the launching of a 
satellite-carrying 
rocket, and the
unveiling of a 
new rocket.


Ayatollah Khamenei said such achievements 
were obtained at a time that the enemy was 
trying to prevent this forward-heading 
movement --- with riots.



__________________________________



“Gazprom” supplies 41.6m 
cubic metres of gas 
through Ukraine
November 19th, 9:41am
https://en.news-front.info/


“Gazprom” is supplying gas through Ukraine in the
volume confirmed by the Ukrainian side --- 41.6
million cubic metres as of November the 19th.
The Fuel is transported through the 
Sudzha station.


The official representative of the Russian
 company, Sergey Kupriyanov. 


“Gazprom is supplying Russian gas for transit through
 the territory of Ukraine in the volume confirmed by 
the Ukrainian side - through the “Suja” GIS – 41.6
 million cubic metre,s as of November the 19th″. 


Kupriyanov added that the application for the 
Sohranivka gas metering system was rejected.


Earlier, Gazprom said that sabotage of the “Nord
 Stream” and “Nord Stream-2” pipelines
 had aggravated the situation in 
the energy market.



____________________________________



Almost 50% of Ukraine’s
 power system disabled 
— PM
November 18th, 5:50pm (TASS)

Almost half of Ukrainian energy infrastructure 
has been rendered inoperative, Ukrainian 
Prime Minister Denis Shmygal stated at 
a joint briefing with Executive Vice-
President of the European 
Commission, Valdis 
Dombrovskis, in 
Kiev on Friday.


"Almost half of our energy system has been disabled,"
 Ukrinform agency..... quoted him as saying. The head
 of the government noted that under these conditions
 "Ukraine needs additional support from its European
 partners, both in the sphere of energy & deliveries
 of additional equipment, as well as with the funds
to purchase additional volumes of gas & provide 
greater support for the energy sector."


On November the 1st, Ukrainian President, Vladimir 
Zelensky said that approximately 40% of Ukraine’s
 energy infrastructure ----- was seriously damaged.
Dombrovskis arrived in Kiev, on November 18th, 
the agenda of his visit is shaped around the 
issue of the EU’s support for Ukraine.

___________________________________________

International association
demands:  colonialists
return looted items
by Luis Linares Petrov
November 18th, 2:51pm
(Prensa Latina) 


The Mexico office of the Association for the
 Reparation of Colonialism (ARC), aka
"Colonialism Reparation," called for 
the definitive restitution of the 
treasures --- looted by ex-
colonizers from Mexico 
and other countries.
 
The office pointed out on its website that as a 
first step in the direction of repairing the 
damage caused by colonialism, 
the former colonists must stop 
hindering the return of the
tangible elements... that 
are evidence of human 
evolution... to their 
countries of origin.


The institution recalled that at the 6th Summit of 
the European Union-African Union, the heads of 
State and Governments of the Member States
 committed to restituting cultural property 
and promoting access to and protection 
of the cultural heritage of the
 former colonies.


The ARC pointed out that, on the sidelines of the
 meeting, Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De 
Croo handed over to his counterpart from the
 Democratic Republic of the Congo some 
84,000 objects of Congolese origin 
currently present in the Royal 
Museum of Central Africa
 in Tervuren.


On February 21st, 2022, on the occasion of 
the return of two “Benin Bronzes”, Nigerian 
President Muhammadu Buhari appealed to 
nations, institutions, and entities, both 
private and public, to return the 
Nigerian artifacts in their 
possession.


The ARC added that the Belgian House of
 Representatives... approved on July 3rd, 
2022 -- a law recognizing the alienable 
nature of assets linked to the colonial
 past of the Belgian State and 
establishing a legal frame-
work, for their restitution 
and return... thus paving 
the way to the definitive 
restitution....  of all of
the treasures looted 
during colonial 
times.


Colonialism Reparation called for the repatriation 
of the remains and the definitive restitution of 
the treasures stolen by colonizers from the 
United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, 
Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy,
and others, to the looted countries, as a 
first step in the direction of repairing 
the damages of colonialism.

____________________________

Novak says Russia and China 
will jointly build energy 
equipment
November 18th, 2:42pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak
 said Moscow and Beijing plan to develop 
cooperation in the creation and use of 
energy equipment.


“Undoubtedly.... there are new areas that we will
 develop in the future. Cooperation in hydrogen 
energy, the introduction of modern digital 
technologies, it is joint production, and 
the development of equipment... to be 
used for energy, both Russian energy 
and Chinese energy,” – his words... 
after the meeting of the Russian-
Chinese intergovernmental 
commission.


Novak also said that trade turnover between 
Russia and China - in the energy sector -
increased by 64%, in monetary terms.

_______________________________________

Global fertilizer and food market 
cannot recover: without Russia
November 18th, 2:05pm (TASS)

 The global fertilizer and food market cannot recover
 without Russia as its major participant, First Deputy
 Prime Minister Andrey Belousov told reporters 
on Friday.


"As regards the grain deal ---- it should be merely 
understood that there are two tracks of Russia’s 
participation in solving the food crisis. The first
 track occurred, and it was historically the first 
one, during the visit of [UN Secretary-General 
Antonio] Guterres to Moscow and talks with 
[Russian President Vladimir] Putin," the 
official said. 


"Food markets and mineral fertilizer markets - they are
 closely intertwined - merely cannot recover without
 Russia, because Russia is a major participant in 
both of them," the First Deputy Prime 
Minister noted.


"The second track is the Istanbul agreements, where 
exports, the creation of a security corridor and
 exports of Ukrainian grain, were the case 
in point," Belousov added.

 

_________________________________________

Russia and China move
 to national currencies
November 18th, 12:45pm
https://en.news-front.info/


Settlements for energy supplies between Russia 
and China are transferred into their national
currencies, payments for Russian gas are 
already made in rubles and yuan, on a 
parity basis, Deputy Prime Minister 
of Russia Alexander Novak said 
in an interview for the TV 
channel “Russia-24”.


''We are switching to settlements in national
 currencies – both rubles and yuan – for 
supplied energy resources, mutual 
settlements that take place.. 
including for the supplies of 
equipment from the PRC.'' 


''As an example, gas supplies between Gazprom 
and China are currently made on a parity basis
in rubles and yuan,'' he said after the meeting 
of the Russian-Chinese intergovernmental 
commission.


The deputy prime minister also added that supplies 
of oil and oil products are also rapidly transitioning 
to payment in the national currencies of Russia
 and China.

 

_____________________________

UNGA president highlights need
 to develop common position 
on UNSC reform
November 17th, 8:28pm (TASS) 


The United Nations General Assembly has much to do
 to develop a common position on the UN Security
 Council’s reform, President of the 77th UN 
General Assembly, Csaba Korosi, told
reporters on Thursday.


"It is very important that we should have a 
consultative process with the P5, but let 
me dissolve the misperception that it is 
only the position of the P5 that makes 
the negotiations difficult," he said in 
response to a TASS question. 


"I think there is a huge task ahead of the General
 Assembly now, this year, and we'll see how long
 [it takes] to iron out an acceptable workable
 compromise among the 193 members. We 
have never reached that point," 
Korosi added.


According to him... it will be very important to make
sure that the P5 can also work as a representative
among the 193 member states. "But it will be the
second stage, when a united consolidating 
position of the General Assembly will be 
taken to the Security Council for their 
approval," he noted.


Korosi highlighted the need to avoid an escalation 
of the conflict in Ukraine "and among other
 manifestations of the very complex and 
interlinked crisis that we have in the 
world." The UNGA president said 
that developments in Ukraine 
"renewed our attention...   to 
UN Security Council reform.".


_____________________________



Brazilian Supreme Court 
Blocks Bank Accounts 
of Coup Promoters
November 17th, 4:40pm
 (teleSUR)


On Thursday, Brazilian Supreme Court Judge
Alexandre de Moraes ordered to block the 
accounts of far-right activists who 
disavow President-elect Lula da 
Silva and call for a coup.


Framed in an investigation of anti-democratic acts, 
the blocking of bank accounts affects at least 43
 agricultural entrepreneurs supporting far-right
 President Jair Bolsonaro, who was defeated 
in the second round of the presidential 
elections held on October 30th.


These businessmen own many of the trucks that
 blocked highways in protest at the victory of the
 Workers' Party in the elections. In the last week,
 the far-right activists have placed their vehicles
 in front of barracks with the undisguised 
objective of demanding a military coup.


Until now, the generals have ignored the requests of 
these Bolsonaro supporters who ask to "save Brazil
 from communism" by preventing Lula from 
assuming office on January 1st, 2023.


Judge De Moraes specified --- that the far-right rallies 
demanding a coup d'état, represent an abuse of the
right of assembly, since they seek to promote non-
compliance with the electoral decision, the 
rupture of the rule of law, and the 
installation of an ''exception''
 regime.


This happens, for example, on the outskirts of the
 Army Barracks in Brasilia, where Bolsonaro's
 supporters have been camping since 
October 31st, with the logistical 
support provided by the far-
right businessmen.


"This scenario requires an absolutely proportional
 reaction from the State, in the sense of 
preserving fundamental rights and 
guarantees," De Moraes 
pointed out.

________________________________

EU promises.... to compensate 
the damage to third countries
of sanctions against Russia

“Price intrigues” of the EU can turn 
tankers with oil from the Russian 
Federation into “ghosts”

Indian Express:- India wants 
 Lavrov made a speech